RESOLVING DISPUTED MURABAHAH FINANCING WITH FIDUCIARY GUARANTEE IN ISLAMIC BANKS: A FATWA DSN-MUI PERSPECTIVE
Abstract
One of the financing products offered by Bank Syariah Bumi Artha Sampang is Murabahah receivables. However, the return on financing does not always proceed smoothly, leading to problematic financing. This research aims to explore the settlement of problematic financing, the execution of fiduciary guarantees, and the resolution of such financing from the perspective of Fatwa No. 47/DSN-MUI/II/2005 on Murabahah receivables with fiduciary guarantees at Bank Syariah Bumi Artha Sampang. This study employs a field research approach with descriptive qualitative analysis. Data were collected through interviews with Islamic bank employees, direct observation of the collateral execution process, and review of the bank's internal documents. Data analysis was conducted using inductive techniques. The findings indicate that problematic financing at Bank Syariah Bumi Artha Sampang is resolved through rescheduling, primarily by extending the financing period. For customers who demonstrate no intention of repaying the remaining debt, the bank executes the fiduciary collateral. The execution process occurs through two methods: voluntary execution and collateral foreclosure. The resolution of problematic financing at the bank does not fully align with Fatwa No. 47/DSN-MUI/II/2005, as the bank has never written off the remaining debt of customers.
Abstrak
Salah satu produk pembiayaan yang terdapat di Bank Syariah Bumi Artha Sampang yaitu produk piutang murabahah. Pengembalian pembiayaan tidak selalu berjalan dengan lancar yang menyebabkan terjadinya pembiayaan bermasalah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah, pelaksanaan jaminan fidusia, dan penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah dari perspektif Fatwa No. 47/DSN-MUI/II/2005 tentang piutang Murabahah dengan jaminan fidusia di Bank Syariah Bumi Artha Sampang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan karyawan bank syariah, observasi langsung terhadap proses eksekusi jaminan, dan analisis terhadap dokumen internal bank. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik induktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah di Bank Syariah Bumi Artha Sampang dilakukan dengan melakukan restrukturisasi, yakni dengan memperpanjang jangka waktu pembiayaan. Untuk nasabah yang tidak memiliki itikad baik untuk melunasi sisa utangnya, bank akan melakukan eksekusi jaminan fidusia. Eksekusi dilakukan melalui dua cara, yaitu eksekusi sukarela dan eksekusi jaminan. Penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah di Bank Syariah Bumi Artha Sampang tidak sepenuhnya sesuai dengan Fatwa No. 47/DSN-MUI/II/2005 karena bank syariah tersebut tidak pernah menghapuskan sisa utang nasabah.
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