Substantively Fragile Halal Compliance in the Self-Declare Certification Scheme: Evidence from Rural Indonesia
Abstract
Indonesia's self-declare halal certification scheme has improved procedural access for micro and small enterprises, yet its substantive integrity remains questionable in rural areas. This study examines how halal verification is practiced by Halal Product Process Facilitators (PPPH) in Maliku Subdistrict, Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan, where halal verification is conducted remotely with limited on-site presence. Using an empirical legal (socio-legal) approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with six informants, limited observation, and digital documentation, analyzed through data reduction, display, conclusion drawing and verification. The findings indicate that digital administrative verification supports procedural efficiency and access to certification; however, the absence of on-site verification limits substantive sharia assurance. This condition affects the realization of al-shafāfiyyah, al-masʾūliyyah, amānah, ṣidq, andʿadl, as halal legality is formally fulfilled without sufficient empirical verification. The article introduces the concept of substantively fragile halal compliance to describe halal compliance that is legally recognized yet substantively vulnerable due to weak field verification. The findings highlight the need for risk-based halal governance, accountable territorial assignments for PPPH, logistical support from local governments, and stronger local facilitator capacity in rural halal certification systems.
Abstrak
Skema sertifikasi halal self-declare di Indonesia telah meningkatkan akses prosedural bagi usaha mikro dan kecil, namun integritas substantifnya masih dipertanyakan di wilayah pedalaman. Studi ini mengkaji bagaimana verifikasi halal dipraktikkan oleh Pendamping Proses Produk Halal (PPPH) di Kecamatan Maliku, Kabupaten Pulang Pisau, Kalimantan Tengah, di mana verifikasi halal berlangsung secara daring dengan keterbatasan kunjungan lapangan. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan hukum empiris (socio-legal), data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan enam informan, observasi terbatas, dan dokumentasi digital, yang dianalisis menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa verifikasi administratif berbasis digital mendukung efisiensi prosedural dan akses sertifikasi; namun, ketiadaan verifikasi lapangan membatasi jaminan substantif syariah. Kondisi ini memengaruhi realisasi prinsip al-shafāfiyyah, al-masʾūliyyah, amānah, ṣidq, andʿadl karena legalitas halal terpenuhi secara formal tanpa verifikasi empiris yang memadai. Artikel ini memperkenalkan konsep substantively fragile halal compliance untuk menjelaskan kepatuhan halal yang diakui secara legal, tetapi rentan secara substantif akibat lemahnya verifikasi lapangan. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya tata kelola halal berbasis risiko, pembagian wilayah kerja PPPH yang akuntabel, dukungan logistik pemerintah daerah, dan penguatan kapasitas fasilitator lokal dalam sistem sertifikasi halal pedalaman.
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